語音學中剩餘位置條件elsewhere condition什麼意思啊?honeygx2015-06-08

elsewhere condition: 一般指 allophone 即音素變體或音位變體中確定語素morpheme的條件或方法。

English speakers may be unaware of the differences among six allophones of the phoneme /t/, namely unreleased [ t̚] as in cat, aspirated [tʰ] as in top, glottalized [ʔ] as in button, flapped [ɾ] as in American English water, nasalized flapped as in winter, and none of the above [t] as in stop。 However, they may become aware of the differences if, for example, they contrast the pronunciations of the following words:

Night rate: unreleased [ˈnʌɪt̚。ɹʷeɪt̚] (without word space between 。 and ɹ)Nitrate: aspirated [ˈnaɪ。tʰɹ̥eɪt̚] or retracted [ˈnaɪ。tʃɹʷeɪt̚]

舉個例子,英語中語素/t/有6種音素變體,只有研究語音學的專家才有可能分辨,在單字cat中/t/發弱音,在單字top中發氣音,在button中發喉音,在winter中發鼻音,而在美式發音water中/t/根本就不發音!還有一種特殊發音就是單字stop,音素/t/和/o/放在一起發一個音。

透過lsewhere condition確定音素變體中morpheme主要依靠語境context,在單字Night rate和Nitrate中的甄別位置條件是第一個/t/發弱音而第二個一定發氣音,

Night rate-[nait reit];Nitrate-[ˈnaɪtreɪt]